Natural resources include copper, lead, and zinc. The indigenous population (from 1872 to the 1950s when it was resettled to the mainland) consisted of about 50–300 Nenets who subsisted mainly on fishing, trapping, reindeer herding, polar bear hunting and seal hunting. The population of Novaya Zemlya as of the 2010 Census was about 2,429, of whom 1,972 resided in Belushya Guba, an urban settlement that is the administrative center of Novaya Zemlya District. Municipally, it is incorporated as Novaya Zemlya Urban Okrug. Administratively, it is incorporated as Novaya Zemlya District, one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. Novaya Zemlya is composed of two main islands, the northern Severny Island and the southern Yuzhny Island, which are separated by the Matochkin Strait. To Novaya Zemlya's west lies the Barents Sea and to the east is the Kara Sea. It houses the easternmost point of Europe: Cape Flissingsky on the Northern island. It is situated in the Arctic Ocean, in the extreme northeast of Europe. 'New Land') is an archipelago in the northern part of Russia. Novaya Zemlya ( / ˌ n oʊ v ə j ə ˈ z ɛ m l i ə/, also UK: / ˌ n ɒ v-, - aɪ.
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